Thebiggestliesweweretaughtinschool

我们所熟悉的谎言

The13 Colonies

13块殖民地

TheAmericanflaghasthirteenstripestorepresenttheoriginal13 coloniesoftheUnitedStatesbutinallactuality, therewereonly12 colonies. ThisisbecauseDelawarewasneveraseparatecolonybutinfact, heremainedpartofPennsylvaniaownedbyWilliamPennupuntiltheRevolutionaryWar.

美国国旗上的13条横线代表了建国之初的13块殖民地，但事实上只有12块。那是因特拉华州从未以独立殖民地而出现，它属于宾夕法尼亚的一部分，在独立战争之前，这块殖民地原属威廉·佩恩。

AbrahamLincolnOpposedSlavery

亚伯拉罕·林肯反对奴隶制

LincolnwasambiguousabouthisviewsonslaveryandwantedtotakeactionthatwouldstrengthentheUnioninatimeofnationalstrifeandseparatism. Infact, Lincolnhasstated" IfIcouldsavetheUnionwithoutfreeinganyslaves; IwoulddoitandifIcouldsaveitbyfreeingsomeandleavingothersalone; Iwouldalsodothat. WhatIwoulddoaboutslaveryandthecoloredraceIdobecauseIbelieveithelpssavetheUnion.

就奴隶制问题，林肯的态度不一，当时的美国内战不断，分崩离析，他希望为拯救联邦作出努力。事实上，林肯曾说过这样一句话。如果通过解放黑奴能够保住联邦，那我会这么做，如果不这样做也能够拯救联邦，那我就不这么做。我之所以要解放黑奴是因为可以保护联邦。

VanGogh'sEar

梵高的耳朵

Afterreviewinghistoricalrecordsandletters, HansKaufmannbelievesthatVanGoghdidnotcutoffhisownear, butratherlostitinafight. Allegedly, VanGoghthrewawineglassatGauguinandhepromptlyunsheathedhisswordandmadequickwordofVanGogh'sear. It'sbelievedtheybothmadeupthestoryofVanGoghslicinghimselfuptosaveGauguinfromjailtime.

通过查阅历史文献和信件，历史学家汉斯·考夫曼认为，梵高并没有切掉自己的耳朵，而是在一次打斗中失去了耳朵。据称梵高向高更泼洒红酒，剑即出鞘，耳朵瞬间掉落。据人们所知，为了让高更躲避牢狱之灾，两人均编造了梵高自残谎言。

HumanEvolution

人类进化

Inascientifictheorywherethestrongsurvivedandandtheweekareeliminated. Ifhumanhadevolveddirectlyfromancientapespecies, theytherewouldnolongerbeanyapesleftashumanswouldhavewonthesurvivallottery. Therearestillapeswhichlendstothetheorythatallgreatapesshareacommonancestor, butatsomepointintime, theancestorsevolvedinseparatedirectionsfromoneanother.

优胜劣汰是科学理论。如果人类真是从古猿人直接进化而来，那地球上的猿物种将从此灭绝，因为胜出者一定是人类。还有理论证明，所有人猿都来自同一祖先，但就在历史的某个节点，祖先的进化方向发生了改变。

Thanksgiving

感恩节

ThetaleofpilgrimsandnativeAmericanssharingalife- savingfeastduringaharshautumnis, ofcourse, aheartwarmingone. Buttheonlythingthatwasactuallysharedbetweenthepilgrimsandnativeswastheplague, whicheffectivelykilledoff96 percentofthenativepopulation. Itisbelievedthatthepilgrimswereawareoftheeffectsoftheirdeadlydiseaseutilizethisknowledgesothattheycanswoopinandstealthenativescropsandland.

那年的秋天苦不堪言，英国移民与印第安人一同享用盛宴，故事的确暖人心。但双方真正“享用”的却是瘟疫，96%的印第安民族消亡。据人们所知，英国移民认识到了瘟疫的灾难性，并利用它趁虚而入，抢夺玉米地，占领土地。

ChristopherColumbus

克里斯多弗·哥伦布

AlotofthestoriesregardingChristopherColumbusarenottrue, butmostimportantly, hedidnotdiscoverthattheearthwasroundandhedidnothavetoconvincetheSpaniardsthathewouldnotfalloffthefaceoftheearthonhisattemptedvoyagetoAsia. TheGreeksalreadyknewthattheearthwasroundabouttwothousandyearsbeforeSpainevenexisted. TheSpaniardsdidn'twanttofundColumbus'stripbecausehewasseverelyunderestimatingthesizeoftheearth. Inshort, theythoughthewasanidiot.

许多关于哥伦布的故事并不真实，但你一定要知道的是，他并没有发现地球是圆的，试图探索亚洲之时，哥伦布也无需向西班牙皇室证明他不会消失。约两千年前，希腊人就已证明此论断，那时的西班牙甚至还不存在。因哥伦比亚严重低估地球大小，致西班牙王室不愿向其提供资助。简言之，他们认为哥伦布是个疯子。

ArchdukeFerdinand

弗朗茨·斐迪南大公

ItiscommonlythoughtthattheassassinationofArchdukeFranzFerdinandwasthecatalystforstartingWorldWarOne. WhileGavrildPrinchipdidshoottheArchduke. Hisactionsweresimplythefinalstrawinawarthatwasalongtimecoming. WhilenohistorianscanactuallypinpointtheexactcauseofworldwarOne. TheydoagreethatentangledalliancesofWesternEuropeandPan- slavismintheEastmayhavesettheentirewarinmotion. AndwhiletakingashotatanArchdukeisnotexactlythesmartestidea. Thissingleincidentdidnotdragtheworldintoabloodywar.

人们普遍认为斐迪南遇刺案为一战导火索。加夫里洛·普林西普确实枪杀了斐迪南。然而，此次行动仅仅点燃了一战，一战苗头早已有之。没有历史学家能够说明一战爆发的具体原因。但他们却认为西欧盘根错节的联盟关系，东方的泛斯拉夫主义才是战争全面爆发的原因。然而，枪杀大公确实不是明智之举。这起单一案件绝不会成为血腥战乱的起因。

Vomitoriums

出入通道

AVomitoriumsisthetunnelbetweenseatsinanamphitheater. ThisstoryisthatthesetunnelswerecalledsuchbecausetheRomanswereahedonisticbunch. Theyconsidereditasignofaffluencetogorgethemselvesonfooduntiltheythrewupfromit. AndtheVomitoriumswasthedesignatedplacetoshowjusthowaffluentaRomanonewas. However, thewordVomitoriumsisderivedfromtheLatinwordvomerewhichtranslatesas" tospewforth", butit'snotreferringtothepurgingofstomachcontents. ItreferstotheexitofpeoplefromthestadiumastheVomitoriumsaredesignedtoprovidearapiddeparturefromavenue.

“ Vomitoriums”指的是竞技场座位间的出入隧道。之所以叫作“ Vomitoriums”是因罗马人是一群乐天派。他们将其看作是富裕的象征，食物供给充足，人们会吃到呕吐为止。曾经的“ Vomitoriums”是表现罗马富贵骄人的指定场所。然而，“ Vomitoriums”一词来源于拉丁文“ vomere”，意思是“倾倒”，但并不指净化胃中食物。如今的“ Vomitoriums”指的是剧场出口，人们可以通过该口迅速离开。

GeorgeWashingtonCarver

乔治·华盛顿·卡佛

Carverwasanamazingmanwhomadenumerousagriculturaladvances, includingover300 usesforpeanutsinanattempttosalvagethedyingcottonfarmingindustryinAlabamaduetoabollweevilinfestation. Butbuthedidnotinventpeanutbutter. PeanutbutterhasbeeninexistencesincetheAztecsandthefirstpatentonpeanutbutterwasdriventoMarcellusGilmoreEdsonasawaytofortifyapatient'sdietwithmoreproteinwhentheywererenderedincapableofchewing.

卡佛是一位伟大人物，他推动了许多农业进步，当时阿拉巴马象鼻虫泛滥，为了拯救生死边缘的棉花种植，卡佛从花生中提炼出三百余种副产品。但花生酱却不是他的杰作。花生酱的起源要追溯到阿兹台克时代，而最早把花生酱注册成专利的是艾德森，当时因病人无法咀嚼，为了增加蛋白质含量，只能使用花生酱。

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