1.培根随笔的佳句赏析

Of Study （论读书） STUDIES serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. For expert men can exe-cute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best, from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning, by study; and studies themselves, do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them bothers; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books, else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things. Reading make a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit: and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know, that he doth not. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtitle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay, there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies; like as diseases of the body, may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man\'s wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the Schoolmen; for they are cymini sectors. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers\' cases. So every defect of the mind, may have a special receipt. 读书足以怡情，足以，足以长才。

其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。

读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接；而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。

有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。

书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。

书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏、淡而无味矣。 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。

因此不常作笔记者须记忆特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩：凡有所学，皆成性格。

人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。

如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演题须全神贯注，稍有分散即须重演；如不能辨异，可令读经院哲学，盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人；如不善求同，不善以一物阐证另一物，可令读律师之案卷。如此头脑中凡有缺陷，皆有特药可医。

---------------这是他最经典的一篇！！！。

2.培根的of studies中哪一段最著名

我很喜欢这篇散文，觉得字字珠玑。

如果一定要选出最著名最出彩的，应该是这个：

Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.

（读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。）

还有下面这句，经常被人引用，但实际上不是文章的主旨，论据而已：

Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores.

（读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，论理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辨：凡有所学，皆成性格。）

3.求培根的of studies经典中文翻译

论学习

弗朗西斯·培根

王佐良 译

读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。

练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹，全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。

读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接，而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。

有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。

读书时不可存心诘难读者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。

书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只需读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，淡而无味。

读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。因此不常做笔记者须记忆力特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。

读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩；凡有所学，皆成性格。

人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演题需全神贯注，稍有分散即须重演；如不能辩异，可令读经院哲学，盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人；如不善求同，不善以一物阐证另一物，可令读律师之案卷。如此头脑中凡有缺陷，皆有特效可医。

4.求一篇 of studies 读后感

w 自己找到了~..【文趣欣赏】 Of Studies，是培根400年前撰写的一篇探讨读书问题的散文杂记，亦是英语文学中妇孺皆知的劝学名篇。

该文笔力遒劲苍幽，思想精深悠远，行文简洁明快，论述深入浅出，分析桴鼓相应，读来时若春雨润物，时若激流漂石，时若清风拂面，时若万籁俱号，令人似置身庄子《齐物论》所谓之“野马也，尘埃也，生物之以息相吹也”之境界中。 Of Studies从读书之功用立论，分析了读书学习对人生不同凡响的意义。

同时人们对读书学习态度之取向、方法之别异，也直接影响到了学习效果的泾渭两色。培根以为读书的功用有三，即Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability。

其在人生中的具体体现亦有三，即 Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. 在作者看来，人们的经验与学识，亦直接影响其读书之取向与效用。具体说来，就是expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs come best from those that are learned. 由于方法之不同，学习之效果也将各异。

所以培根说，To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament is affection; to make judgment wholly by their rules is the humor of a scholar. 这个说法颇似孟子“仅信书则不如无书”之教诲。 读书不能全凭经验判理，而学识亦不可脱离实际独存。

经验与学识，当是相辅相成的、彼此互补的。在培根看来，这两方面的积累是人生所不可或缺的知识积淀。

所以，They perfect nature and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study, and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. 而对读书态度之不同，亦决定读书者获益之众寡。常见的现象是，Crafty men contemn studies, men admire them, and wise men use them, for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them and above them, won by observation. 读书不求学问长进，而是存心吹毛求疵诘难作者，以显其能。

这是另外一种庸人读书心态。怀着此种心态读书，焉能从中获益！所以培根告诫学人，Read not to contradict and confuse; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. 在前苏联电影《列宁在1918》中，有这样一个情节：列宁为了躲避密探的追捕，隐蔽朋友瓦西里家里。

晚上，列宁将瓦西里给他搬来的书分作两类，并告诉瓦西里哪些书可以枕头，哪些书应当垫脚。所谓枕头的书，就是需要认真拜读、仔细品味、努力思考的佳作。

所谓垫脚的书，就是那些文风浮浅、思想轻浅、论述表浅的平庸之作。培根对书的认识与列宁的看法，可谓所见不差。

所以他说，Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be ready wholly, and with diligence and attention. 读书的方法，自然涵盖对所读之书的选择和所读内容的鉴赏这两个方面。然而，在一定意义上，读书的方法还包括所谓之“不读之读”。

“不读之读”，即由于种种原因，读者不直接阅读有关书本的内容，而是通过阅读有关评介文章或他人的读书笔记来了解有关著作的基本思想和内容。这种读书方式，其实就是现代人士所惯常凭借之学习方法。

人们采用这种学习方法，出于种种原因。一则原著阙如，无法直接欣赏，于是便通过阅读他人的笔记或评介以足心愿。

二则时间有限，无法一一拜读，只好寻求便捷途径了解其大致内容要旨。自然，采用这种读书方法的，恐怕也有投机之嫌。

然而，对于孜孜以求于学问的莘莘学子而言，此法之运用，必得统筹兼顾，否则必然陷入人云亦云的泥沼之中。对此，培根的忠告是：Some books also may be read by deputy and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books are, like common distilled waters, flashy things. 高尔基说，书籍是人类进步的阶梯。

对人类来说，书籍是进步的阶梯。对于个人来说，书籍，自然，也是进步的阶梯。

书籍可以提高个人的文化素养、扩展个人的思想境界和发展个人的智慧潜能。所以，培根说Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.读书者要达到这样一个收获颇丰的境界，其前提要律至关重要，那就是所读之书须是好书佳作。

5.培根的 Of Studies 各翻译版本 和王佐良翻译《论读书》评说和分析,

前几天应邀给朋友们谈了谈培根Of Studies一文的汉语翻译问题。

现将部分讲稿发布于此，请砭正。 【文趣欣赏】Of Studies，是培根400年前撰写的一篇探讨读书问题的散文杂记，亦是英语文学中妇孺皆知的劝学名篇。

该文笔力遒劲苍幽，思想精深悠远，行文简洁明快，论述深入浅出，分析桴鼓相应，读来时若春雨润物，时若激流漂石，时若清风拂面，时若万籁俱号，令人似置身庄子《齐物论》所谓之“野马也，尘埃也，生物之以息相吹也”之境界中。Of Studies从读书之功用立论，分析了读书学习对人生不同凡响的意义。

同时人们对读书学习态度之取向、方法之别异，也直接影响到了学习效果的泾渭两色。培根以为读书的功用有三，即Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability。

其在人生中的具体体现亦有三，即 Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. 在作者看来，人们的经验与学识，亦直接影响其读书之取向与效用。具体说来，就是expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs come best from those that are learned. 由于方法之不同，学习之效果也将各异。

所以培根说，To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament is affection; to make judgment wholly by their rules is the humor of a scholar. 这个说法颇似孟子“仅信书则不如无书”之教诲。读书不能全凭经验判理，而学识亦不可脱离实际独存。

经验与学识，当是相辅相成的、彼此互补的。在培根看来，这两方面的积累是人生所不可或缺的知识积淀。

所以，They perfect nature and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study, and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.而对读书态度之不同，亦决定读书者获益之众寡。常见的现象是，Crafty men contemn studies, men admire them, and wise men use them, for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them and above them, won by observation. 读书不求学问长进，而是存心吹毛求疵诘难作者，以显其能。

这是另外一种庸人读书心态。怀着此种心态读书，焉能从中获益！所以培根告诫学人，Read not to contradict and confuse; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.在前苏联电影《列宁在1918》中，有这样一个情节：列宁为了躲避密探的追捕，隐蔽朋友瓦西里家里。

晚上，列宁将瓦西里给他搬来的书分作两类，并告诉瓦西里哪些书可以枕头，哪些书应当垫脚。所谓枕头的书，就是需要认真拜读、仔细品味、努力思考的佳作。

所谓垫脚的书，就是那些文风浮浅、思想轻浅、论述表浅的平庸之作。培根对书的认识与列宁的看法，可谓所见不差。

所以他说，Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be ready wholly, and with diligence and attention. 读书的方法，自然涵盖对所读之书的选择和所读内容的鉴赏这两个方面。然而，在一定意义上，读书的方法还包括所谓之“不读之读”。

“不读之读”，即由于种种原因，读者不直接阅读有关书本的内容，而是通过阅读有关评介文章或他人的读书笔记来了解有关著作的基本思想和内容。这种读书方式，其实就是现代人士所惯常凭借之学习方法。

人们采用这种学习方法，出于种种原因。一则原著阙如，无法直接欣赏，于是便通过阅读他人的笔记或评介以足心愿。

二则时间有限，无法一一拜读，只好寻求便捷途径了解其大致内容要旨。自然，采用这种读书方法的，恐怕也有投机之嫌。

然而，对于孜孜以求于学问的莘莘学子而言，此法之运用，必得统筹兼顾，否则必然陷入人云亦云的泥沼之中。对此，培根的忠告是：Some books also may be read by deputy and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books are, like common distilled waters, flashy things.高尔基说，书籍是人类进步的阶梯。

对人类来说，书籍是进步的阶梯。对于个人来说，书籍，自然，也是进步的阶梯。

书籍可以提高个人的文化素养、扩展个人的思想境界和发展个人的智慧潜能。所以，培根说Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.读书者要达到这样一个收获颇丰的境界，其前提要律至关重要，那就是所读之书须是好书佳作。

懒于读书之人，想谋求进取，恐怕只能求实于梦中，绝难得益于现实。诚如培根所言： if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning to seem to know tha。

6.of studies 是谁的作品

是弗兰西斯培根的作品。

他（1561——1626）是一位英国文艺复兴的代表人物，他是杰出的哲学家，科学家及散文家。他通过持之以恒地用科学方法思考及依靠观察而非权威学说获取知识的态度成为现代科学的奠基人。他的《培根散文集》是英国文学中这一流派的典范，并被誉为英语散文发展的重要里程碑。他所运用的一些新鲜词汇还进入了英国文学传统。

"Of Studies"主要内容：

《论读书》（Of Studies）是培根散文集58篇散文集中最著名的一篇。文章分析了学习的主要的目的，不同人采取不用学习方法及学习是如何对人的性情品格产生潜移默化的影响。《Of studies》的语言有气度并颇有说服力，结构简练而紧凑，向读者揭示了培根对学习的自然客观态度。

7.of studies的背景

Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores.

Introduction of Lord Francis Bacon Lord Francis Bacon,(1561-1626) the father of experimental philosophy, whose father had been Lord Keeper, and himself was a great many years Lord Chancellor under King James I. Nevertheless, amidst the intrigues of a Court, and the affairs of his exalted employment (Because of bribery and extortion he was sentenced by the House of Lords to pay a fine of about four hundred thousand French livres, to lose his peerage and his dignity of Chancellor.), which alone were enough to engross his whole time, he yet found so much leisure for study as to make himself a great philosopher, a good historian, and an elegant writer; and a still more surprising circumstance is that he lived in an age in which the art of writing justly and elegantly was little known, much less true philosophy. Lord Bacon, as is the fate of man, was more esteemed after his death than inlifetime. His enemies were in the British Court, and his admirers were foreigners.

8.傲慢与偏见的好词好句好段加赏析

好词：枯燥乏味，吵闹不堪，盘恒，身材魁伟，眉清目秀，嫌惹人厌 好句1、Only deep love will persuade me to marry.Which is why i'll end up an old maid.只有真挚的爱才能让我结婚，这就是为什么我终将会成为一位老姑娘。

2、Not all of us can offord to be romantic.并不是我们所有的人都会拥有浪漫。 3、You must know .Surely you must know it was all for you.你必须知道，你一定要知道，这一切都是为了你所做的。

4、My affections and wishes have not changed.我的心愿和情感依然如旧。 好段：“我认为，傲慢是一种人所共有的通病。”

玛丽一向认为自己思想深邃严密。此时不由得又是一番宏论。

“根据我的书本知识，我坚信傲慢是一种流弊，人性在这一方面极为脆弱，因为我们很少有人不因为自己的某种品质或者其它什么而沾沾自喜、洋洋自得，不管这种品质是存在于真实中，还是仅仅存在于想象中。虚荣和傲慢尽管常被用作同义词，实际上却是两回事。

一个人可能傲慢但不虚荣，傲慢是我们对自己的评价，虚荣则是我们希望别人如何评价我们自己。”。

9.英语句子主要成分分析 Lots of studies have found that well

①lot of studies是主语，that引导一个宾语从句。在宾语从句中，well-educated people是主语，from developing countries是定语，修饰well-educated people。本句的意思是 很多研究发现发展中国家中受过良好教育的人们更有可能移民。

②a big survey是主语，of Indian households in 2004是定语，修饰a big survey。that引导宾语从句，从句中40% of emigrants 是主语，compared部分是状语从句。本句意思是 2004年的一个大范围的针对印度家庭的调查发现，将近40%的移民拥有高于高中的学历，与之相比，25岁以上的全体印度人中这一数字仅为3.3%左右。

③

The “brain drain” has long bothered policymakers in poor countries.

这句话结构较为简单，若有需要分析另提。句意为 人才流失现象长久以来都让贫穷国家的政策制定者们苦恼不已。

④

They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make.

that引导宾语从句，that之后都是宾语从句。在从句中，depriving them of much-needed skilled workers是非谓语，who引导一个定语从句，修饰workers，后面taught、worked、come三个部分并列。

本句句意是 他们担心这（指上文提到的人才流水现象）会损害他们的经济，夺走急需的熟练就业者，而这些人本可以在他们的大学里教书，在他们的医院里工作，为他们的工厂研发制造出精妙的新产品。

关于读书，古往今来的饱学之士留下了许多名言隽语，今天是“世界读书日”，为大家分享几则，愿大家每天都能与好书相伴。

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For out of olde feldes, as men seyth,

Cometh al this newe corn fro yer to yere;

And out of olde bokes, in good feyth,

Cometh al this newe science that men lere.

(Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Parliament of Fowls”, l. 22)

人们说得好，在耕种多年的田地里，

一年又一年长出新的谷子；

完全可以相信，从读过的旧书里，

人们也一定能学到新的知识。

（乔叟，《众鸟之会》，第22行）

Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some book also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others.

(Francis Bacon, “Of Studies”)

有些书可供浅尝，有些可以吞食，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有些书只须读上部分，有些只须大体浏览，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。书也可请人去读，事后取其读书摘要。

（培根，《谈读书》）

A good book is the precious life-blood of a master spirit, embalmed and treasured up on purpose to a life beyond life.

(John Milton, “Areopagitica”)

一本好书是一位鸿儒的宝贵心血，是立意奉献给子孙后代的不朽珍宝。

（弥尔顿，《论出版自由》）

Dreams, books, are each a world; and books, we know,

Are a substantial world, both pure and good;

Round these, with tendrils strong as flesh and blood,

Our pastime and our happiness will grow.

(William Wordsworth, “Personal Talk”, sonnet 3)

梦和书构成各自的世界，大家清楚，

书籍是一个充实的世界，纯洁而精良；

我们的消遣和快乐随之增长，

那卷须就像血肉一般地强固。

（华兹华斯，《杂谈》，第3首十四行诗）

In books lies the soul of the whole Past Time; the articulate audible voice of the Past, when the body and material substance of it has altogether vanished like a dream.

(Thomas Carlyle, Heroes and Hero-Worship, v, “The Hero as Man of Letters”)

书里蕴藏着全部过去时代的精魂，古昔发出的朗朗之声，而旧时的形体和物质恰如梦境一般，早已荡然无存。

（卡莱尔，《英雄与英雄崇拜》第5篇《作为文豪的英雄》 ）

’Tis the good reader that makes the good book.

(Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Success”)

好书须得慧眼识。

（爱默生，《论成功》）

Books must be read as deliberately and reservedly as they are written.

(Henry David Thoreau, Walden, 3. “Reading”)

读书和写作一样，必须深思熟虑，有所保留。

（梭罗，《瓦尔登湖》，第三章《读书》）

Life being very short, and the quiet hours of it few, we ought to waste none of them in reading valueless books.

(John Ruskin, Sesame and Lilies, “Preface”)

生命是短暂的，宁静的时刻尤少；我们应当阅读珍奇的书籍而不蹉跎时光。

（罗斯金，《芝麻与百合》，《序》 ）

Something that everybody wants to have read and nobody wants to read. [A classic.]

(Mark Twain, Speech at dinner of the Nineteenth Century Club, 20 Nov., 1900)

经典作品就是人人都希望自己读过，却没有人愿意去读的东西。

（马克·吐温，在19世纪俱乐部午餐会上的讲话，1900年11月20日）

以上内容整理自《西方引语大辞典》张志祥主编

来源：商务印书馆英语编辑室

来源：商务印书馆英语编辑室